Introduction to Green Architecture and Design

Green architecture, or green design, is an approach to building that minimizes the harmful effects of construction projects on human health and the environment. The green architect or designer attempts to safeguard air, water, and earth by choosing eco-friendly building materials and construction practices. Building a greener home is a choice—at least it is in most communities. Typically, buildings are designed to meet building code requirements, the  American Institute of Architects (AIA) has reminded us, whereas green building design challenges designers to go beyond the codes to improve overall building performance and minimize life-cycle environmental impact and cost. Until local, state, and federal public officials are persuaded to legislate green processes and standards—just like building and fire prevention practices have been codified—much of what we call green building practices is up to the individual property owner. When the property owner is the U.S. General Services Administration, results can be as unexpected as the complex built in 2013 for the U.S. Coast Guard. Common Characteristics of a Green Building The highest goal of green architecture is to be fully sustainable. Simply put, people do green things in order to achieve sustainability. Some architecture, like Glenn Murcutts 1984 Magney House, has been an experiment in green design for years. While most green buildings do not have all of the following features, green architecture and design may include: Ventilation systems designed for efficient heating and coolingEnergy-efficient lighting and appliances (e.g., ENERGY STAR ® products)Water-saving plumbing fixturesLandscaping with native vegetation and planned to maximize passive solar energyMinimal harm to the natural habitatAlternative renewable energy power sources such as solar power or wind powerNon-synthetic, non-toxic materials used inside and outLocally-obtained woods and stone, eliminating long-haul transportationResponsibly-harvested woodsAdaptive reuse of older buildingsUse of recycled architectural salvageEfficient use of spaceOptimal location on the land, maximizing sunlight, winds, and natural shelteringRainwater harvesting and greywater reuse You dont need a green roof to be a green building, although Italian architect Renzo Piano not only created a green roof but also specified recycled blue jeans as insulation in his design of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. You dont need a vertical garden or green wall to have a green building, yet French architect Jean Nouvel has successfully experimented with the concept in his design for One Central Park residential building in Sydney, Australia. Construction processes are a huge aspect of green building. Great Britain transformed a brownfield into the site of the London 2012 summer Olympic Games with a plan for how contractors would build the Olympic village—dredging waterways, strict sourcing of building materials, recycling concrete, and using rail and water to deliver materials were just some of their 12 green ideas. The processes were implemented by the host country and overseen by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the ultimate authority for requiring Olympic-sized sustainable development. LEED, the Green Verification LEED is an acronym meaning Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. Since 1993, the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) has been promoting green design. In 2000, they created a rating system that builders, developers, and architects can adhere to and then apply for certification. Projects pursuing LEED certification earn points across several categories, including energy use and air quality, explains USGBC. Based on the number of points achieved, a project then earns one of four LEED rating levels: Certified, Silver, Gold or Platinum. The certification comes with a fee, but it can be adapted and applied to any building, from homes to corporate headquarters. LEED certification is a choice and not a requirement by the government, although it may be a requirement in any private contract. Students who enter their projects in the Solar Decathlon are judged by a rating system as well. Performance is part of being green. Whole Building Design The National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) argues that sustainability has to be part of the whole design process, from the very start of the project. They devote an entire website to the WBDG—Whole Building Design Guide. Design objectives are interrelated, where designing for sustainability is just one aspect. A truly successful project is one where project goals are identified early on, they write, and where the interdependencies of all building systems are coordinated concurrently from the planning and programming phase. Green architectural design should not be an add-on. It should be the way of doing the business of creating a built environment. NIBS suggests that the interrelationships of these design objectives must be understood, evaluated, and appropriately applied — accessibility; aesthetics; cost-effectiveness; functional or operational (the functional and physical requirements of a project); historic preservation; productivity (comfort and health of the occupants); security and safety; and sustainability. The Challenge Climate change will not destroy the Earth. The planet will go on for millions of years, long after human life has expired. Climate change, however, can destroy the species of life on Earth that cannot adapt fast enough to new conditions. The building trades have collectively recognized its role in contributing to the greenhouse gases put into the atmosphere. For example, the manufacturing of cement, the basic ingredient in concrete, is reportedly one of the largest global contributors to carbon dioxide emissions. From poor designs to construction materials, the industry is challenged to change its ways. Architect Edward Mazria has taken the lead to transform the building industry from a major polluter to an agent of change. He has suspended his own architectural practice to concentrate on the nonprofit organization he established in 2002. The goal set for Architecture 2030 is simply this: All new buildings, developments, and major renovations shall be carbon-neutral by 2030. One architect who has taken the challenge is Richard Hawkes and Hawkes Architecture in Kent, United Kingdom. Hawkes experimental home, Crossway Zero Carbon Home, is one of the first zero carbon houses built in the UK. The house uses a timbrel vault design and generates its own electricity through solar energy. Looking to a Sustainable Future Green design has many related names and concepts associated with it, besides sustainable development. Some people emphasize the ecology and have adopted names like eco-design, eco-friendly architecture, and even arcology. Eco-tourism is a 21st-century trend, even if eco house designs might appear to be a bit non-traditional. Others take their cue from the environmental movement, arguably begun by Rachel Carsons 1962 book Silent Spring—earth-friendly architecture, environmental architecture, natural architecture, and even organic architecture have aspects of green architecture. Biomimicry is a term used by architects who use nature as a guide to green design. For example, the Expo 2000 Venezuelan Pavilion has petal-like awnings that can be adjusted to control the internal environment—just as a flower may do. Mimetic architecture has long been an imitator of its surroundings. A building can look beautiful and even be constructed from very expensive materials, but not be green. Likewise, a building can be very green but visually unappealing. How do we get good architecture? How do we move toward what Roman architect Vitruvius suggested to be the three rules of architecture—to be well-built, useful by serving a purpose, and beautiful to look at? Sources Gissen, David (ed.) National Building Museum. Big and Green: Toward Sustainable Architecture in the 21st Century. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2002.How LEED Works. U.S. Green Building Council.Huseynov, Emir Fikret oglu. Planning of Sustainable Cities in View of Green Architecture. Procedia Engineering 21 (2011): 534–42. Print.Masood, Osama Ahmed Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim Abd Al-Hady, and Ahmed Khamies Mohamed Ali. Applying the Principles of Green Architecture for Saving Energy in Buildings. Energy Procedia 115 (2017): 369–82. Print.Ragheb, Amany, Hisham El-Shimy, and Ghada Ragheb. Green Architecture: A Concept of Sustainability. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 216 (2016): 778–87. Print.Shaviv, Edna. Passive and Low Energy Architecture (Plea) Vs Green Architecture (Leed). 25th Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture. 2008. Design Objectives.  Whole Building Design Guide.Wines, James and Philip Jodidio. Green Architecture. Taschen, 2008.

Tips to Write My Paper For Me Free

<h1>Tips to Write My Paper For Me Free</h1><p>If you are searching for certain tips to compose your paper for me free and simple at that point keep perusing. I will be imparting to you a few hints that can help you a lot.</p><p></p><p>The first thing that you ought to do is to record what you are going to discuss in your paper. Attempt to do this bit by bit with the goal that you can stay away from the mix-ups of utilizing incorrectly words. Record all the data that you have about the theme that you need to compose about.</p><p></p><p>Now that you have all the data about the point, you can begin composing the paper. You can either go on the web and quest for a free composing programming or you can attempt to locate an instructional exercise for composing a free composing paper.</p><p></p><p>Writing your paper for me free isn't a simple errand. You must be persistent while doing it so you can sta y away from the mistakes of utilizing incorrectly words and wrong sentence structure. There are numerous tips to compose my paper for me free however you have to realize how to utilize them.</p><p></p><p>When composing your paper for me free, it is significant that you should make your sentences and sections sorted out. You can do this by assembling two to make the number three. It is significant that you place the best possible catchphrase in your articles so you can rank high in Google.</p><p></p><p>You can likewise utilize watchwords in your article yet you need to figure out how to compose your article in a manner with the goal that it is simpler for the perusers to get it. You ought to likewise set up your key expression in the title of your article. You can likewise utilize catchphrases in the titles of your articles to make them more appealing.</p><p></p><p>If you don't know about this, at that point it i s significant that you should utilize appropriate watchwords in your articles. In the event that you are inexperienced with the catchphrases, you can peruse various aides that are accessible on the web. You can likewise approach your companions for help with composing a paper for me free.</p><p></p><p>These are a portion of the tips to compose my paper for me free that you can use to assist you with composing your paper. Ensure that you set aside effort to rehearse each of these tips.</p>

Essay Topics - Important Tips to Help You Choose Good Essay Topics

<h1>Essay Topics - Important Tips to Help You Choose Good Essay Topics</h1><p>In request to ensure that your article is an excellent bit of composing, you should observe certain guidelines while choosing the proper exposition points. Any given theme is able for at any rate a couple of influential articles, yet the capacity to compose long and smooth papers simultaneously isn't each some tea. You'll have to have various and intriguing thoughts for paper themes with regards to request to land the position done.</p><p></p><p>A certain subject might be exceptionally enticing. In any case, not too amazing. You may have the option to nail the subject, yet insufficient to persuade your peruser to concur with you on what you compose. This is the place picking the correct themes could be a significant challenge.</p><p></p><p>You need to locate a specific subject that has a ton of legitimacy to it. This might be a theme you coul dn't imagine anything better than to expound on. This may even be the sort of thing that makes you eager to begin on your essay.</p><p></p><p>What precisely would it be advisable for you to search for when picking paper points? The thing to remember is that, as referenced previously, not all point thoughts are made equivalent. A few themes might be less compromising, yet maybe not exactly as intriguing as others. Your point might be just fascinating on the grounds that it is marginally unique in relation to other comparative topics.</p><p></p><p>Another interesting point is the degree of expert regarding the matter that the subject of the specific theme has. You ought to likewise remember that a few people like to discuss things that have not been distributed. Remember these elements when picking the correct exposition topics.</p><p></p><p>You can utilize your insight regarding the matter as a layout for the art icle. You'll additionally need to know the socioeconomics and standards of conduct of the individuals engaged with the theme before picking the right article subject. At long last, the article itself can be extremely amazing on the off chance that it is elegantly composed and persuasive.</p><p></p><p>It's a smart thought to converse with many individuals on the subject before you settle on your point. Remember that a few people are bashful about discussing certain points. So you'll need to keep away from themes where your exposition will be open area and all things considered, others will attempt to exploit your expertise.</p><p></p><p>Once you have picked the subject for your paper, you ought to be all set to the following stage simultaneously. You would now be able to choose the most magnificent paper points for your composing ventures. You'll additionally have the option to discover a portion of the more solid exposition suppliers o nline that you can take advantage of for all your article needs.</p>

Topics For Research Paper

<h1>Topics For Research Paper</h1><p>The themes for inquire about paper, a youngster's undertaking for school and other secondary school work are numerous and fluctuated. Contingent upon your age, intrigue and region of study, you can make an exploration paper that will be novel to you and increment your chances for achievement in your field. There are numerous methodologies for composing subjects for look into paper that will assist you with communicating your musings, thinking and thoughts regarding the point. Set aside the effort to make a framework with the goal that you can work off the subjects of your ebb and flow inquire about and compose your paper such that will be anything but difficult to peruse and understand.</p><p></p><p>During the high school years, a great many people feel that they need more understanding to expound on their inclinations or the points that intrigue them. This is one reason why there are numerous themes for i nquire about paper that being composed for grown-ups to peruse. Commonly, a grown-up can assist a teenager with a subject for inquire about paper by furnishing them with thoughts and direction. This is a simple activity since teenagers are frequently the creators of their own exploration ventures. It is constantly gainful to connect with the exploration help in the event that you have any questions about how to compose your own themes for investigate paper.</p><p></p><p>The first thing that you have to consider with regards to points for examine paper is whether the subject is really identified with the topic that you are looking into. For instance, on the off chance that you were composing a paper about your perspectives on gay marriage, at that point you would need to incorporate some conversation about this specific theme. In any case, in the event that you were composing a paper about your school work and composing aptitudes, at that point you would need to abstain from including such questionable subjects as gay marriage and abortion.</p><p></p><p>When it comes to juvenile brain science themes for explore paper, one subject that is broadly talked about is young people's turn of events. Numerous young people get inspired by formative brain science and become keen on attempting to make sense of what is happening in their psyche and body when they are growing up. When expounding on this point, you should utilize this data to clarify the procedure of juvenile turn of events. This is somewhere else where the exploration help can help you.</p><p></p><p>Another one of the pre-adult brain research points for inquire about paper is child rearing. You can expound on an assortment of subjects for your exploration paper concerning child rearing, including kid discipline, time the board, schoolwork, child rearing techniques and youth animosity. When expounding on child rearing methodologies, you o ught to abstain from utilizing cruel or vicious words on the grounds that these kinds of words can make the young person respond ineffectively to your research.</p><p></p><p>The themes for examine paper relating to connections among guardians and adolescents are additionally talked about among scholastics. There are various examinations that are led about the impacts of being a parent and high school savagery. These points are hard to expound on in light of the fact that numerous individuals see young people as being more rough than they truly are.</p><p></p><p>In expansion to youthful brain research subjects for look into paper, you can expound on a wide assortment of themes concerning undergrads and advanced education. Understudies' examinations about connections and scholastic execution are much of the time talked about in the field of advanced education. Obviously, numerous understudies need to realize how to deal with school press ure and grow better investigation habits.</p><p></p><p>After you have begun to discuss individual issues, you can proceed onward to expounding on proficient points. The expert subjects that you ought to consider incorporate how to manage scholastic weight, systems administration and maintenance methods and different ways that you can communicate with different experts. You can discover points for inquire about paper that will help you through your whole training, regardless of whether you are considering brain science, business or an assortment of other subjects.</p>

How to Write an Abstract Research Paper

How to Write an Abstract Research PaperOne way to begin a project or educational activity is to start with an abstract research paper. This can be done with little or no cost and is a great way to learn about your subject. Abstract research papers have a different purpose than a regular research paper. Instead of writing research facts down, you choose topics that are 'unknowable' by most people and then choose sources to support what you claim.When starting an abstract research paper, it's wise to focus on two major areas: one for your thesis statement and one for the body of your research. The first topic will be something that you will discover about your topic and the second topic should be something that will help you prove that you're right. This can be something about history, politics, and sociology; while the body of your research will be some of the best information about your topic. This will also include the methods used in researching your topic.To begin your research, c hoose a book or article that gives you helpful facts and figures on your topic. You can then turn these into bullet points. It's important to know what information you want before you begin writing your abstract research paper. You will be able to put those facts into a resource box to back up what you are writing. Many times, these lists of information will be given to you ahead of time by the source of the information.Before you begin writing, write down all of your project goals. Be sure to discuss them and determine what goals are achievable. Use your list of project goals to keep track of how far you've come along and how much farther you need to go. You'll find that this helps you to make a timetable for yourself so that you know when you should get started on each subject.As you work on your 'research notes,' gather all of your writing materials together and create a binder that fits your 'journal' look. Keep your notes written in a different notebook with other entries in or der. You may choose to store these in a file cabinet or filing cabinet if you choose to do so.Your binder will become your reference library for each topic you are researching. When you get to your topic's webpage, try to get the original, uncut version of the article or the book that you are referencing. Also, check out any websites you can find that will provide you with additional information on the topic. You can also check with Wikipedia to see if they have any entries for your topic as well.You can also try to find one of the references to get more information on it. In addition to using your journal or binder, there are many free websites available on the internet that will give you access to any related information for your topic. You can also check with library catalogs or the telephone book for more sources. However, many of these sources can only provide basic information, so you may have to do a little searching in order to get the information you need.Now that you know how to write an abstract research paper, you can use this as a tool to enhance your knowledge about your topic. You can use this in your curriculum vitae and future resume. Once you are familiar with this format, you can work on getting your writing and research skills improved.

The Development of Attachment Essay - 793 Words

The Development of Attachment Psychological research can inform us about the development of attachments to a certain extent. Mary Ainsworth actually covered a definition explaining, how we know when an attachment has developed. This is; the infant tries to get close to and maintain that proximity with the caregiver, using a number of strategies to do so. E.g. clinging and signalling behaviours such as smiling, crying and calling. The fact she has outlined this definition obviously shows she must have evidence to back her definition up. John Bowlbys view on attachment is that it is very important to ensure the survival of infants. Attachment must be two-way in order to ensure good care. The†¦show more content†¦However, the friendly responses to other people decrease and the infant treats strangers with increasing caution, (stranger anxiety). Schaffer and Emerson (1964) responded to some of Bowlbys earlier research by conducting a longitudinal study of sixty infants who came from working-class homes in Glasgow. The infants were observed over a period of one year in their home. This study has high ecological validity as the surroundings the mother and infant were in were true to life. Most infants showed separation protest at seven months, which indicated a specific attachment to one person. Within one month after the investigation, 29% formed multiple attachments and 78% formed multiple attachments within six months of the first specific attachment. In 39% of the cases, infants did not show their first specific attachment to the person who fed or bathed them. Responsiveness appears to be the key to attachment. Intensely attached infants had mothers who responded quickly to their demands and who offered the infant the most interaction. Infants who were weakly attached have mothers who failed to interact. They then produced their own stage theory consisting of three distinctive stages. The Asocial stage (0-6 weeks)- emotional behaviour such as smiling and crying does not seem to be directed specifically at any given individual. The next stage was theShow MoreRelatedThe Development Of Attachment Theory1336 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will look at the development of attachment theory since the time of Bowlby and the many theories proposed to determine which best describes attachment. The Attachment theory highlights the importance of attachment especially between mothers and infants in regards to the infants personal development, both physically and emotionally. Bowlby describes attachment as â€Å"lasting psychological connectedness between human beings†(Bowlby, 1969, p.194). Bowlby’s attachment theory suggested that mothersRead MoreThe Development Of Attachment Bonds973 Words   |  4 PagesThe development of attachment bonds to other biological figures plays an important role in emotional development. Throughout life, an individual will form several relationships, some of which will be sincere and intimate while others will be superficial. However, collectively these relationships provide the foundation of our communities, families, and friendships and become essential to our survival as a species. A secure attachment bond can be classified as the interactive emotional relationshipRead MoreThe Development of Attachment Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesThe Development of Attachment 1. Outline the development of attachment According to Shaffer, the development of attachment can be divided into four main phases. Other researchers have then added two additional stages to this original theory.  · Pre Attachment Phase – from birth to 3 months. From 6 weeks the baby develops an attraction to other humans, especially adults in preference to other objects. This can be illustrated through social behavioursRead More The Development of Attachment Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most important factors that affect child development is the relationship of the child with their primary caregiver. This is a tenet of developmental psychology known as attachment theory. John Bowlby, the creator of this theory, wanted to examine how early childhood experiences influence personality development. Attachment theory specifically examines infant’s reactions to being separated from their primary caregiver. Bowlby hypothesized that the differences in how children react toRead MoreDevelopment And Measurement Of Attachment2389 Words   |  10 PagesDevelopment and Measurement of Attachment in Early Childhood Attachment refers to the specific, strong, long-term binds in human interpersonal relationship. When getting along with whom one form attachment with, one would feel secure and comforted. Though some said that the attachment was firstly formed in pregnancy, the main formation of attachment is mostly developed in infancy and early childhood (less than 5 years old). In the second half of the first year, infant would start to recognizeRead More Development of Attachment Essay examples1556 Words   |  7 Pagescomprehensive being their temperaments and attachment styles. A child’s temperament is the way in which he reacts to the world, new situations, people, and experiences. Attachment is an infant’s enduring emotional bond to his parentsor primary caregivers. Both of these factors affect children not only in infancy, but throughout their lives. Temperament has been shown to be a consistent aspect of a  person’s behavior over time, and their style of attachment to their primary caregiver often shapes theRead MoreAttachment Theory And Emotional Development1347 Words   |  6 Pagesand of others† (p. 133). Attachment theory plays a large role in cognitive and emotional development because it sets a foundation for the child. A case study of Angela, a 17-year-old mother, and her 11 month-old son, will dive into the attachment relationship between the two and extenuating circumstances surrounding that attachment. Angela is attempting to raise her son under the roof of her mother; who doesn’t support a paternal rela tionship for Adam. Angela’s attachment relationship with her sonRead MoreTheory Of Development And Attachment Theory1168 Words   |  5 Pages Development/ Attachment Psychoanalyst, John Bowlby in the mid 19th hundreds, investigated attachment theory. Over the years, we have enhanced our understanding on how children attach to their primary caregiver earlier in life. Supported by attachment theory, infants have a window for the development of attachment to the primary caregiver, which, usually happens during the first months of life (Hardy, 2007). Given that Alexander’s parents’ left when he was only 3 months and was raised by hisRead MoreAttachment Theory And Child Development1635 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment Theory and Children Attachment theory led not only to increased attention to attachments as a psychosocial process, it also led to a new understanding of child development (Bowlby, 1969). Freudian theory suggested that as libidinal drives fixed on different objects, former attachments would be broken; failure to break an attachment effectively would constitute a sort of trauma that could lead to later mental illness (Bretherton (1992). Attachment theory, however, suggested that growingRead MoreEarly Infant Attachment And Subsequent Development1005 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyze the research on early infant attachment and subsequent development. The infant-caregiver relationship is vastly important to the proper and healthy development of an infant and throughout the duration of the infant’s life. However, the types of relationships attained through attachments as well as socialization goals vary across cultures (Gross, 2011).Secure infant attachments are however, extremely important to overall healthy psychosocial development and prosocial behavior and can be analyzed

Integrated Marketing Communication for Marie - myassignmenthelp

Question: How IMC has been utilized by Marie stopes international Australia and Australian Red Cross organizations. Answer: Introduction This is a simple concept which ensures all the communications and messages are linked together in a careful manner. This is where all the promotional tools are well integrated so as to ensure they work together in a harmonious way (Kliatchko, 2009). Promotion being one of the ps in the marketing mix has its own communication tools in a good mix. The above named organizations have had tremendous success in their activities due to the adequate utilization of IMC strategies Reference Kliatchko, J. (2009). IMC 20 years after: A second look at IMC definitions, International Journal of Integrated Marketing Communications, 1(2):7-12. Digital media This is a form of marketing communication strategy where people in business use digital devices to do business. These devices can be used to communicate with clients, advertise their servicesand products and also do purchasing services (Wymbs, 2011). This technique is used by both business people and customers. Customers use digital media to get in touch with the service provider, to order for goods and services as well as it are the best platform to check out various products available in the market (Wang, 2007). Due to digital media people are able to store and also make use of marketing data in many digital formats available. This data is used to target useful customers in a way that is well organized and in a manner that is result driven. Marketers are able to store and also make use of videos, audio, graphics, illustrations and any text content in relation to their own marketing style that is of convenient to them. Its the digital marketing agency which channels everything to the locations that are desirable across the globe using a certain web. This platform enables marketers to greatly impact in the business world and also make better presentations of their ideas (Li, 2011). This technique attracts the target audience and also engages, entices and converts them. Most of the marketing that were previously done in a physical showroom are now going virtual for many business people all thanks to digital media marketing strategies. Right now its easier to target audience globally through the universe of web this is because once can still transact business at the comfort of their own homes and offices. References Li, L. (2011). Marketing of competence-based solutions to buyers in exploratory relationships: perspective of OEM suppliers, Industrial Marketing Management, doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.11.001. Wang, A. (2007). When web pages influence web usability: effects of online strategic communication. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 1(2):93-106. Wymbs, C. (2011), Digital Marketing: The Time for a New Academic Major has Arrived. Journal of Marketing Education, 33(1), 93-106. Communication Communication is a marketing tool which is used to in the development of brand awareness (Kerr, et al., 2008). In this case consumers are supposed to translate information on the products into different perceptions about its attributes as well as its position in the largest market. Marketing communication is also used by businesses to retain the current customer base of the product and also to ensure the customer and supplier relationships are well cemented. This strategy therefore defines the business plan for dissemination of product information and development of brand awareness. An effective marketing communication strategy needs to have more than one marketing components of communication. For instance advertisement is used to allow the business to have access to a large number of audience using the mass market or appeals that reach only target markets (Barker,2012). Product benefits are communicated through personal selling to customers especially in a retail set up. Any business owner is therefore supposed to utilize a communication strategy appropriate for the products they want to sell. Not all strategies work for all products and services. For example in a situation where a company sells a lot of higher end diamond jewelry compared to other products customers are likely to value a diamonds ring cut and the clarity over the other variables. Therefore the business has to focus on the benefit that the customer is likely to get by the buying of that particular ring (Belch and Belch, 2012). Any integrated marketing communication strategy therefore begins with focus on the customer. This ensures success in meeting the demands of a client. References Barker, R. (2012). Integrated Marketing Communication, In Integrated organisational communication, (2nd Edition). In Angelopulo, G. C. and Barker, R. (Eds.). Cape Town: Juta. Belch, G. E. and Belch, M. A. (2012). Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. 6th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Kerr, G., Schultz, D., Patti, C. and Kim, I. (2008). An inside-out approach to integated marketing communication: An international analysis, International Journal of Advertising, 27(4):511-548. Consumer behavior This is the critical study of groups, individuals and even organizations and the ways in which they use to secure, select, use and dispose some services, products, ideas and experiences so as to satisfy the needs and also impacts that such processes have on the society and consumers (Dinnie, et al., 2010). Behavior can be either for a group or individuals or even organizations. Therefore consumer behavior is mainly the use as well as disposal for products and study how they are purchased. The use of products is of a lot of interest to any marketer and this influences how a product gets positioned or how they can increase its consumption (Angelopulo and Barker, 2013). Many environmental problems result from product disposal and therefore its a great area of interest for consumers. Consumer behavior involves ideas, services and also tangible products. The impact that the consumer behavior has on the society is of great relevance. For example the aggressive marketing of easy credits and high fat products is likely to have repercussions that are serious for both the economy and national health (Wang, 2007). Consumer behavior is applied in marketing strategy for better campaigning, in social marketing to get ideas across to consumers rather than just selling products and as a tool to make consumers better. For example common sense dictates that if one buys a 64 liquid ounce bottle of laundry detergent they should pay less for each ounce unlike if they buy two 32 ounce bottles. However practically, people pay a size premium by buying of larger quantities (Kerr, et al., 2008). Angelopulo, G. C. and Barker, R. (Eds.) (2013). 2nd Edition. Integrated Organisational Communication. Cape Town: Juta. Dinnie, K. Melewar, T.C. Seidenfuss, K. and Musa, G. (2010). Nation branding and integrated marketing communcations: an ASEAN perspective, International Marketing Review, 27(4):388-403. Kerr, G., Schultz, D., Patti, C. and Kim, I. (2008). An inside-out approach to integated marketing communication: An international analysis, International Journal of Advertising,27(4):511-548. Wang, A. (2007). When web pages influence web usability: effects of online strategic communication. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 1(2):93-106. Ethics and advertising Many people in business have been cited to exhibit some best and worst behaviors when advertising their businesses. Some people evoke notions of truth and honesty but others warn of the consequences of lying in business. There are some ethical dilemmas for those who produce adverts especially when it comes to communicating the truth about a product being marketed. In advertising just like in the rest of the world there are no clear instances of either bad or good behaviors but there is a vast grey area which lies between these two extremes. This is an area where ethical decisions need to be made on a daily basis (Belch and Belch, 2012). When one claims that their product can do or achieve certain things and yet it cannot is referred to as deceptive advertisement. In the real advertisement world the issues are never that clearly demarcated for example its often deceptive to indicate that Big Macs and Whoppers have great taste and failing to say that too much of these can make consumer s fat and raise cholesterol levels. Such risks are not well indicated in the advert. Members of the public often expect the adverts to be truthful but in practice this has never been the case. Honest advertisement therefore requires companies to make close to fuller disclosures about any possible side effects that what most adverts for things like hamburgers do (Wymbs, 2011). Some adds are usually misleading this is because they often depart from literal facts and truths. Its always important to observe ethics while coming up with product adverts. References Belch, G. E. and Belch, M. A. (2012). Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. 6th ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Wymbs, C. (2011), Digital Marketing: The Time for a New Academic Major has Arrived. Journal of Marketing Education, 33(1), 93-106. Planning/objective settings in IMC For one to make use of IMC in an effective way during the marketing campaigns, then marketers have to go through some planning steps so as to have precise definition of what they need to achieve and with whom (Zahay, Mason and Schibrowsky, 2009).. When they have this information they can then be sure of identification of the right message as well as a mix for promotion in achieving goals. Some of the steps include determination of the target market which assists in determining the right digital market that needs to be used in advertisement. Not all digital medias are fit for any form of communication (Kliatchko, 2009). This understanding makes a big difference in ones ability to design IMC programs so as to reach those they want. There is also the need to determine the marketing campaign objectives once you have a defined audience and this explains what your business aims to achieve. A well laid down IMC program is able to accomplish more than one objective at a given time. This should be done in a way that no confusion is created for any audience that is of target (Schultz and Patti, 2009). The objectives are meant to explain the impact that the campaign activities are meant to have on the audience in target. The said objective should also ensure the outcomes and ultimate results are in line with the marketing strategies of the company and have the goals incorporated. Most of the objectives of any marketing campaigns are aimed at increasing of sales. The objectives should therefore be in line with the business plan. References Kliatchko, J. (2009). IMC 20 years after: A second look at IMC definitions, International Journal of Integrated Marketing Communications, 1(2):7-12. Schultz, D. E. and Patti, C. (2009). The evolution of IMC: IMC in a customer-drivenmarketplace, Journal of Marketing Communications, 15(2/3):75-84. Zahay, D. Mason, C.H. and Schibrowsky, J.A. 2009. The present and future of IMC and database marketing, International Journal of Integrated Marketing Communications, 1(2):13-30. Strategy One of the first steps in the sales process is the focus on any marketing communication strategy. When one gets to know their audience, craft their message and track results without any business strategy a lot of crisis is likely to occur. Therefore the strategy needs to be in place to ensure success of the business (Simmons, 2008). The better one knows their audience, the better they can appeal to the interests of both the business and clients. Its good to know what the client needs by use of a research plan which assist them to fill any gaps relating to terms of purchase, demographics and any other insights relating to when, why and how people make purchases. Another strategy is to uncover the unique selling proposition which a benefit that needs to be communicated well so as to drive sales of their products and services (Li, 2011). The brand look and feel has to be sharpened so as to speak to customers in a manner that is relevant and contemporary. The company should also ensure that messaging is consistent and the information there in should make use of descriptive words and the standards for messaging should be adhered to in all future communications. Business people should work with a unique marketing mix that attracts consumers to their products (Luck and Moffatt, 2009). It should also be fit for their audience. The success measures should be established by ensuring all the communications are measurable. Finally there is need to manage leads and client data by use of a customer relationship management system. References Li, L. (2011). Marketing of competence-based solutions to buyers in exploratory relationships: perspective of OEM suppliers, Industrial Marketing Management, doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.11.001. Luck, E. and Moffatt, J. (2009). IMC: Has anything really changed? A new perspective on an old definition, Journal of Marketing Communications, 15:5:311-325. Simmons, G. (2008). Marketing to postmodern consumers: introducing the internet chameleon. European Journal of Marketing, 42(3/4), 299-310. Public relations Public relations are supposed to be an integral part of any companys ongoing marketing plans. Ones goals determine how one executes their companys public relations. Public relations is the composition of very many programs that are supposed to enhance or maintain the image of the company plus the services and products offered (Halahan et al., 2007). Its very critical for the implementation of an effective strategy related to public relation. Any strategy on public relations plays important roles in any organizations promotional activities. Advertizing and sales promotions can be used as approaches to leveraging opportunities in public relations. The most effective method of communicating and relating with the market is through public relations. When things are put in place the public relation is the most powerful tool and most cost effective of all the activities involved in promotions (Johansen and Nielsen, 2011). Several organizations that have made it through in business have always invested more in public relations by making it the central focus of the strategies of promotion. An effective public relation seeks to communicate different information such as launching of new services and products, creation of interests in services, products and brands, repositioning of services and products and also influencing the specific target groups. Public relations also enhance the overall image of the firms ad similarly defends products and services which may have suffered from negative perceptions and press (Du Plessis, Van Heerden and Gordon, 2010). An effective public relation results into generating additional revenues by using great awareness and information for services and products that are offered by organizations. Therefor e public relations are a critical aspect of integrated marketing communication. References Du Plessis, F, Van Heerden N and Gordon C. (2010). Integrated Marketing Communication. 3rd ed. Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers. Halahan, K. Holtzhausen, D. van Ruler, B. Vercic, D. and Srirames, K. (2007). Defining strategic communication, International Journal of Strategic Communication, 1(1):3-35. Johansen, T. S. And Nielsen, A. E. (2011). Strategic stakeholder dialogues a discursive perspective on relationship building. Corporate communication: an International Journal 16(3): 204-217. Direct marketing/personal selling This situation occurs when businesses are seen addressing customers through channels such as phone calls, emails and even one on one meeting. Messages in direct marketing include call to action such as calling toll free numbers or clicking on links to make subscriptions. Such campaigns results to immediate measures (Angelopulo and Barker, 2013). This is because a company is in a position to track how customers respond through messages called to action. In contrast to this, use of general advertising such as bill boards used in promoting a brands concept or make product awareness fails to call for specific responses and therefore its not easy to measure the impacts. Its not easy for a marketer to know the effectiveness of such billboards or how many people may be thinking of buying the products on the billboards but with specific call to action strategies one is able to know how many people are responding to their direct mailing (Dinnie, et al., 2010). Nearly everyone in business uses direct messaging and these include credit card companies, media companies technology companies and retailers. Direct marketing is very effective for customers who are common users of online platforms and are always paying attention to marketing sites. Any effective direct marketing strategy begins off with data (Barker,2012). Categories of customers are examined by marketers and select those they think can be interested in their products. They then develop lists for making contacts. These lists are obtained through either commercial sources or public avenues. Different channels are also selected depending on the product to be sold or services to be offered. Conclusion Therefore from the discussion above all the communication tools can only work best if they work collaboratively in a harmonious way rather than isolation. Their parts are not as greater as their sum ad once they speak in a consistent manner using one voice all the time. References Angelopulo, G. C. and Barker, R. (Eds.) (2013). 2nd Edition. Integrated Organisational Communication. Cape Town: Juta. Barker, R. (2012). Integrated Marketing Communication, In Integrated organisational communication, (2nd Edition). In Angelopulo, G. C. and Barker, R. (Eds.). Cape Town: Juta. Dinnie, K. Melewar, T.C. Seidenfuss, K. and Musa, G. (2010). Nation branding and integrated marketing communcations: an ASEAN perspective, International Marketing Review, 27(4):388-403.