Wedding Toasts to the Newlyweds †Perhaps Others Have Said it Best :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Wedding Toasts to the Newlyweds – Perhaps Others Have Said it Best A health to you, A wealth to you, And the best that life can give to you. May fortune still be kind to you, And happiness be true to you, And life be long and good to you, Is the toast of all your friends to you. Down the hatch, to a striking match! Irish Toast "Marriage: A community consisting of a master, a mistress, and two slaves - making in all, two." Ambrose Bierce To the newlyweds: May "for better or worse" be far better than worse. "There is nothing nobler or more admirable than when two people who see eye to eye keep house as man and wife, confounding their enemies and delighting their friends." Homer, from the Odyssey "May you grow old on one pillow." Armenian toast "Two such as you with such a master speed Cannot be parted nor be swept away From one another once you are agreed That life is only life forevermore Together wing to wing and oar to oar" Robert Frost "It's still the same old story, A fight for love and glory, A case of do or die! The world will always welcome lovers As time goes by." Herman Hupfeld. And their misfortunes as light as the foam. "The meeting of two personalities is like the contact of two chemical substances; if there is any reaction, both are transformed." Carl Jung "Love does not consist in gazing at each other, but in looking outward in the same direction." Antoine de Saint-Exupery "Here's to marriage, that happy estate that resembles a pair of scissors: 'So joined that they cannot be separated, often moving in opposite directions, yet punishing anyone who comes between them.'" Sydney Smith Here's to the new husband And here's to the new wife May they remain lovers For all of life. Anonymous May their joys be as deep as the ocean. Let us toast the health of the bride; Let us toast the health of the groom, Let us toast the person that tied; Let us toast every guest in the room. May we all live to be present at their Golden Wedding. May your love be as endless as your wedding rings. May the saints protect you And sorrow neglect you And bad luck to the one That doesn't respect you "May you have many children and may they grow mature in taste and healthy in color and as sought after as the contents of the glass." Irish toast May your wedding days be few and your anniversaries many. May your voyage through life be as happy and as free As the dancing waves on the deep blue sea Here's to the groom with bride so fair, And here's to the bride with groom so rare!

Historical Allegory and Symbolism in Animal Farm

Haley Pruitt Mrs. Blount AP Literature and Composition 12 November 2012 Symbolism and Allegory in Animal Farm When George Orwell wrote his literary masterpiece that has been acclaimed for many years by critics everywhere, Animal Farm, there were many world events shaping the future of all of Europe and the world that impacted his views, which therefore influenced his writing and opinions. His background and values help to shape the glasses through which he views these events.George Orwell is put into positions of warfare and diplomacy and handles both eloquently as he allows them to mold him into the person that writes the masterpieces that he goes on to produce. Animals are implemented to retell the story of Marxism, the Russian Revolution, and the downfall of utopian views and societies. George Orwell uses symbolism and allegory in his novel Animal Farm to show the social issues of the Soviet Union in the time period of 1917 through 1943.The background of George Orwell must be unde rstood before one can go deeper into his literary works. George Orwell was the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair who was born on June 25, 1903 in Motihari, Bihar, India. He was born into an upper middle class family and went to Catholic school. He moved to Burma where his grandmother lived, and this is where he later wrote Burmese Days, â€Å"A Hanging†, and â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†. â€Å"In Burmese Days, he resigned to ‘escape not merely from imperialism but from every form of man’s dominion over man’† (â€Å"Orwell† 748).When George Orwell moved to London, he began to explore the slums and the poorer parts of the city so that he could learn to understand them and the context of the many books that were written about them. Orwell became interested in the Spanish Civil War and decided to take part in it; because of this, he was asked to be a part of the Spanish Embassy in Paris and he wanted to eliminate fascism throughout the world. G eorge Orwell was married to and adopted a son with Eileen O’Shaughnessy. She died in 1945 during a surgical procedure. Right before he died, he married Sonia Brownell in 1949. Orwell died at 46 years old from tuberculosis.He was in and out of many hospitals for the last three years that he was alive. The author was buried according to Anglican Rite in the All Saints’ Churchyard. At the outbreak of World War II, George Orwell was deemed unfit for service so he began to write for newspapers. Orwell wrote a column of the Tribune and he was a major contributor/writer of The Observer. â€Å"By this stage, Orwell saw himself primarily as a political writer, a democratic socialist who hated party labels, hated totalitarianism, and was to become more and more disillusioned with the methods of Communism† (â€Å"Orwell† 748).Orwell wanted to expose Communism and eliminate it from Europe. Through his writing for various newspapers, he saw himself as making a differe nce, but not quite as much as he would have liked so he began a novel to show the ugly truth of Communism once and for all. Before the end of 1944, Animal Farm was ready for publication, but a publisher could not be found as it was considered an attack on the Soviets. No one wanted to accept that kind of responsibility and punishment if something where to reach the Soviet Union regarding his use of allegory and symbolism using animals against them and their ideas.Eventually Jonathon Cape agreed to tackle the controversies that Orwell discussed and he published it. Jonathon Cape founded Jonathon Cape Ltd. with Wren Howard in 1921. It was one of the leading literary publishers in London during the time period. Jonathon Cape also published works such as T. E. Lawrence’s The Seven Pillars of Wisdom, Arthur Ransome’s Swallows and Amazons, and the first of the James Bond books. Another historical issue that must be dealt with before a further understanding of Animal Farm can be reached is what exactly happened in the Soviet Union with the Russian Revolution and Marxism.Two German philosophers, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles, coined Marxism. â€Å"The  Communist Manifesto  (1848) of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels provided a theoretical basis for the revolutionary movements springing up in Europe in the latter part of the nineteenth century,† (Meyers). Marxism is a way to look at socioeconomics that is based on a more materialistic view of the development of history, a view of social change that has a lot to do with location, and an examination of the relationships of social classes within society and the way that capitalism is wrong and should be looked down upon.It fights for the self-discovery and freeing of the working class and making everyone equal to a certain degree. The Bolsheviks adopted these ideals of Marxism when they took over Russia in the Russian Revolution. World War I did not make things any easier on the peasants. Now they w ere forced to fight for a country they did not like in the first place and they were being simply slaughtered because they were not trained soldiers. Originally, it served to quiet the peasants because everyone was united against one enemy, but it wore off once the initial benefits were gone.Russia’s first major battle of World War I ended in over thirty thousand Russian troops were killed or wounded and the revolutions began. Tsar Nicholas began to make poor military choices and the Russians, particularly the lower class people as they had to fight and send their family and friends off to fight, began to think that there could be something better out there if they could find the right type of government to suit them. The February Revolt was the first of these revolts in the city of Petrograd.The tsar abdicated the throne because he was frightened and knew that he did not possess enough military power to defeat the revolts. After this, there was a period of dual power where t here was a provisional government that was loyal to the Soviet Socialists. The Bolsheviks were a group in Russia that began to revolt when the provisional government chose to continue to fight in Germany. Vladimir Lenin and the workers’ Soviets led the Bolsheviks. They quickly removed Russia from World War I with the Treat of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918.This resulted in a civil war between the Bolshevik (red) and anti-Bolshevik (white) factions of the government, lasting for several years, with the Bolsheviks eventually pulling out a victory. The way that this happened, it allowed for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) to rule later. The way that the Bolsheviks ruled the Soviet Union can be compared to the way that the Catholic Church was run (Frye 11). These are comparable because both were totalitarian and rigid with little thought into the people that followed them.People followed long sets of rules and did not really know why and there was no reward for them e xcept to keep their lives/not be excommunicated from the church. The Russian Revolution describes the mini revolutions that happened in Russia in 1917 that rose up against the monarchy of Russia of which tsar Nicholas was the head. The causes of the Russian Revolution pertaining to society came from the oppression felt by the lower classes in the autocracy of the tsar. They had been emancipated, but life was no better for them.The industrialization of Russia led to overcrowding and very bad conditions in the cities for the urban industrial workers. This made the peasants more likely to go on protest and go on strike than in previous years. Some critics view the literary work of George Orwell to be creating a utopian society and to praise that idea of the â€Å"perfect society†. â€Å"Orwell particularly valued the vigorous, colorful and concrete style of pamphlets and wanted to revive the genre,† says Valerie Meyers of Orwell’s Animal Farm (Meyers).This is not w ell thought-out because he was making fun of the way that people thought of utopias and he made the utopian society of the farm animals in Animal Farm fail miserably. If he had been praising the utopian societies and genre, then he would have written things differently and not had the society end in failure and death which is ultimately where he believed it would end. â€Å"Orwell's  Animal Farm, like Swift's Lilliput and Blefuscu, is a coded satiric portrait of a real society, an anti-utopia which, by castigating real evils, suggests what society ought to be like† (Meyers).George Orwell uses satire and allegory to show an intended utopia failing and Meyers puts it well when she says that he â€Å"castigates real evils† because Orwell legitimately shows the evils of what was happening in Russia and tries to simplify them into something of a â€Å"fairytale† that the normal person could digest and understand. . It is written as a fable though with the moral bei ng to â€Å"teach a political lesson† (Meyers). He is trying to show the common person the effects on the people and the seriousness of the controversies that he chose to write about.The ultimate goal of writing Animal Farm was to destroy the Soviet myth (Patai). Orwell wanted the myth that everything was going great in the Soviet Union to be dismissed because people were not taking things seriously. The rest of the world did not think anything of the terrorism that was taking place because they simply did not even know that it was happening. Concerning Russian Communism, George Orwell did not take into account the â€Å"underlying reasons for its transformation from a proletarian dictatorship into a kind of parody of the Catholic Church,† (Frye 11).Orwell simply went through the process of what happened and didn’t ask the questions like â€Å"Why did Old Major feel the way he did? † or â€Å"Why did the animals blindly believe the pigs and not question them? † The characters that are used in the literary work of Animal Farm are animals. Some critics say this is because it is written in a fable-style and some, like Daphne Patai say that this is because, â€Å"It was apparently easier for Orwell to identify with the animal kingdom, exploited at the hands of ‘humans,’ than to note that buried in class and race divisions in the human orld lay the issue of gender oppression,† (Patai). Orwell could more easily wrap his mind around the cruelty shown to animals because then he wouldn’t have to relate it back to himself and his responsibility and role in the cruelty of human treatment to other humans. Also, it allowed him to disregard race and gender in the characterization of the animals that lived on Manor Farm. When he wrote about the pigs taking over and all the other animals numbly following them he tried to show that â€Å"the class struggle among humans is ‘pure illusion’—which i s itself an illusion,† (Patai).George Orwell was trying to show that we don’t have to blindly follow authority and that it is not in our best interest, but in the same respect, he proved that it can be dangerous if you do not, therefore contradicting himself. â€Å"Orwell’s concern is that no matter what viewpoint rulers adopt it is no guarantee that they can solve the ‘central problem’ of revolution—indeed, of life—namely, the abuse of power† (Slater 241). George Orwell believed that whether it was Communism, Fascism, or Marxism, the leaders failed to do what they took over to do in the first place.His philosophy was that it doesn’t matter the type of government, government cannot fix the problem of revolution no matter the strength. The characters that exemplify the symbolism and allegory make up the main plot of the masterpiece that is Animal Farm. The pigs represent the upper class Bolsheviks that took power, Boxer is the common man, the dogs are the secret police, and so on. Also, the symbols used throughout the book such as the hoof and horn flag, the Order of the Green Banner, and the part song entitled â€Å"The Beasts of England† directly parallel symbols common in Russian society at the time.Even the battles have their own parallels of historical revolutions taking place in Russia (Meyers). Orwell wanted to blatantly make a point and leave no room for question as to what this was specifically allegorizing. â€Å"He says that he will not attempt to speak for the work: Either it speaks for itself or it is a failure† (Quinn). Orwell made everything so clear because he felt strongly about this issue of Marxism and the totalitarianism happening in Russia. If a critic had a question about what this was about, it would have defeated the purpose that it was meant to serve and so he wrote it in a way as to leave nothing to assumption.The character that most of the people struggling in this time feel that they can relate to is the character of Boxer, a workhorse. He buys into the lies that are fed to him by the pigs and believes all of the propaganda. Boxer truly believes that the pigs are doing what is best for him and even is found encouraging other animals to go along with their decisions. â€Å"I will work harder† and â€Å"Napoleon is always right† are the mantras that he developed to help himself keep going and accomplish the work he was assigned by the pigs.Eventually, the pigs decide that he cannot work any harder and Boxer is deemed useless; he is sent to the glue factory much to the chagrin of the other animals that looked up to and admired him for his work ethics and motivation. The fact that he was sold for alcohol and food for the pigs shows just how the system of totalitarianism works. It shows the way that people blindly follow orders, and even those who follow orders are not rewarded. As for the pigs, Napoleon represents Stalin and Sn owball represents Trotsky; they supervise and keep the best of everything, including food such as apples and milk.Napoleon prefers a harsher take on everything: defensive buildup of armaments, increased food production/work, and finally, eliminating Snowball from the equation altogether. Snowball is mellower, wanting destabilization by propaganda, building of the windmill (reducing work hours), and an eloquent way to run things. Because they come to a head on all of these governmental matters, the more brutal animal, Napoleon, finally wins by driving Snowball off with the pack of dogs being used as secret police.Napoleon, like Stalin, turns Snowball, like Trotsky, into a criminal and an enemy of the animals; his victory and bravery at the Battle of the Cowshed is diminished piece by piece and his memory is degraded. The dogs are tricked into acting against their fellow â€Å"comrades† with offers of food and other treats. They mirror the KGB in that they do the bidding of tho se in power and even turn against their leader when they see a reward for themselves (Gardner 103-104). Orwell’s Animal Farm is taught in schools all over the country, though the immediate need for the piece of literature is now gone because there is no more Russian Communism.Many critics say that it was written as a fable or a fairy tale, and though Blair agrees, he also says: â€Å"Still, the narrative of Animal Farm is ingenious, and its twists retain a certain charm† (Blair). Though the author is in the opinion that Animal Farm is simply a children’s book, there is a simple agreement that it was written â€Å"ingeniously†. The teaching of this literary masterpiece will continue throughout the years because of its use of historical allegory and symbolism to teach the reader simply what happened in the world events of the time period that George Orwell lived in.

Global Warming Physics And Its Outcome On The World

Global Warming: Physics and Its Outcome on the World People complain about hot summers, and to cold of winters, why it would still be snowing during May in North East, Ohio. These temperature changes could all be a result of one thing, global warming. Global warming is a change in temperature due to gases and solutions humans put into the environment. The gases and solutions effect the natural gases in the environment that maintain the temperatures around the world. Although that is how global warming is defined, it has a way greater effect than just temperature changes. The greenhouse effect is the exchange of incoming and outgoing radiation that warms the Earth; it is often referred to as the greenhouse effect because a greenhouse works in much the same way (LiveScience 1). The greenhouse effect , many laws due to physics, and consequences that effect the Earth are related to and caused by to global warming. Without the greenhouse effect we could not have weather; without green h ouse gases the atmosphere would not be able to cool in response to heating. The atmosphere would heat to a vertically -uniform temperature, which would inhibit vertical air currents. Which are ultimately what we would consider to be weather (WeatherQuestions). The atmosphere with gases absorbs the light the Earth gives off and that is how the it is heated, and the most abundant of these gases is carbon dioxide. Also, the Earth is not radiating visible light; a wavelength of light that theShow MoreRelatedAn Inconvenient Truth - Documentary Film1153 Words   |  5 Pagesreveals several trivial logical fallacies, the presentation is generally funny, compelling, engaging, and ultimately convincing. Although some critics declare that the film contains more bias than truth, Gore’s attempt to inform the public about global warming significantly promotes the value of social ethics. 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Comparison of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby and...

The short story of â€Å"Winter Dreams† was written around the same time that Fitzgerald was developing ideas for a story to turn into a novel. While The Great Gatsby wasn’t published until 1925, â€Å"Winter Dreams† dà ©buted in 1922 and the similarities between the novel and short story were done on purpose. â€Å"Winter Dreams† became a short draft which Fitzgerald paralleled The Great Gatsby after, but also differentiated the two in specific ways (â€Å"Winter Dreams† 217). The main characters are both men, Jay Gatsby and Dexter Green, who desire for the American dream, not necessarily for themselves, but in order to lure back the women they idealize. In The Great Gatsby and â€Å"Winter Dreams† F. Scott Fitzgerald’s constant theme is shown through the†¦show more content†¦The characters of Daisy and Judy are similar in their selfish personalities and want of material things. Both women led the men on, but end up married to other men and are unhappy in their marriages. Jay and Dexter become a distraction to the woman while they are trying to win them back, but it is ultimately not enough. All the money in the world will not fix the second part to both men’s dreams, the loves of their life. Despite all the success, their money can’t buy them the one thing they’ve been striving for and dreaming of. The differences between Gatsby and Green are far more complex compared to their similarities, although locations and characters seem equivalent, their business ventures, overall dreams and self-identity begin to diverge completely. Jay Gatsby, as Daisy later finds out made his fortune though illegal activities such as bootleg operations and therefore this discredits his character. Meanwhile, Dexter attends a prominent university and then becomes an entrepreneur, making his fortune by honest hard work. While they both dream of the woman they idealize, Dexter is not as obsessed with Judy as Jay is with Daisy. 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Nursing Ethics Of Palliative Care - 1182 Words

Running head: Nursing Ethics in Palliative Care 1 Nursing Ethics in Palliative Care Debi Ramsey Western Carolina University (Class) October 29, 2017 The nursing profession offers many rewards. Among those is being part of a team who has the opportunity to influence the health, welfare and well being of people each and every day. Nursing student go to nursing school with the intention of learning how to heal and help people live not to learn to help people die. The healthcare environment is changing. Part of that change is because the United States’ (US) population is aging at increasing rates. By 2030, one in five Americans†¦show more content†¦Nurses must now be educated to understand holistic person-centered care, identification and respect for patient choices from prenatal to end of life. Some ways to accomplish this include: incorporate primary palliative nursing education in pre-licensure, graduate, doctoral, and continuing education; increase palliative care content on the pre-licensure NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN exams; develop and implement evidence-based palliative care services for all organizations; and made primary palliative nursing be part of organizational and unit-based credentialing and recognition programs. The appreciation of cultural diversity and preferences and the need for equity and inclusion in palliative care practice causes an ethical problems when all nurses are not educated to assure that all patients of all ages can receive palliative whenever and where ever it is needed. The second dilemma is caused by the wording in all settings. Palliative care can be given in homes. More often it is given in palliative care clinics, extended care facilities, nursing homes with a palliative care team or hospitals. The most difficult setting to assure that palliative care is delivered may be in hospitals without a palliative care unit. This is an example by Paulus 2008. Mrs. Smith, a 71 year old female, is admitted with exacerbation of her chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia. Her symptoms are cough, fever,Show MoreRelatedThe Ethical Principles Of Nursing Ess ay1633 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Nurses Association, the definition of nursing is, the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations. (as retrieved from ANA, 2016) Nursing is a comprehensive profession with one goal; to take care of patients. There are many duties involved inRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma of Assisted Suicide for Nurses878 Words   |  4 PagesThe Code of Ethics for Nurses was created to be a guide for nurses to perform their duties in a way that is abiding with the ethical responsibilities of the nursing profession and quality in nursing care. The Code of Ethics has excellent guidelines for how nurses should behave, however; these parameters are not specific. They do not identify what is right and wrong, leaving nurses having to ultimately make that decision. Ethics in nursing involves individual interpretation based on personal moralsRead MorePalliative Care : A Type Of Health Care For Patients And Families1620 Words   |  7 PagesPalliative care is a type of health care for patients and families facing life-threatening illness, and helps patients maintain their dignity and quality of life so close to the end. During my clinical at Rosthern Hospital, I had a few experiences with patients and their end of life care. In these situations the patients, their families, and the healthcare team have been confronted with many ethical dilemmas. At Rosthern, there were three different patients who had a difficult time during their endRead MoreThis Week Nine Paper Will Discuss The Values And Ethics1478 Words   |  6 Pagespaper will discuss the values and ethics in the practicum agency and answer questions related to ethics. In addition, this paper will discuss ethical issues or dilemmas at the agency and how social workers address these issues. Furthermore, questions will be answered about how the NASW Code of Ethics influences decisions at the agency, how ethics violations are handled about staff and what ethical principles that I feel strongly about. 9.4 Values and Ethics in Your Practicum Agency What ethicalRead MoreQualitative Research Study And Action Research Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesThe qualitative research design I selected is â€Å"Negotiating futility, managing emotion: Nursing the transition to palliative care (Broom et al., 2015). Whenever a patient disease process and treatment turns unfavorable, unsuccessful with poor prognosis and terminal illness, the medical team recommends palliative care after consulting with the patient to explain their treatment modality and poor prognosis. Palliative referral is usually a sensitive subject for all involved, and do interject resistanceRead MoreAn Interdisciplinary Advisory Council Is House Bill ( Hb ) 10711332 Words   |  6 Pagesreceived which can aid with change in health care by a number of ways, one of which is to become active within the community and advocate for nursing and advanced care for the public. One way this can be done is to influence legislators by becoming active in supporting health care bills. Legislation Description Palliative care and quality of life interdisciplinary advisor council is House Bill (HB) 1071. The bill is about establishing a Palliative Care and Quality of Life Interdisciplinary AdvisoryRead MoreQualitative Research Study And Action Research Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesDesign The qualitative research design I selected is â€Å"Negotiating futility, managing emotion: Nursing the transition to palliative care (Broom et al., 2015). Whenever a patient disease process and treatment turns unfavorable, unsuccessful with poor prognosis and terminal, the medical team recommend palliative care after consulting with patient to explain their treatment modality and poor prognosis. Palliative referral is usually a sensitive subject for all involved, and do interject resistance withRead MoreNalyzing The Concept Of Palliative Care Essay1343 Words   |  6 Pagesnalyzing the concept of Palliative care Mauricio A. Barrera Appalachian State University School of Nursing â€Æ' 2 Throughout life and individual can experience a myriad of unexpected developments can which can have a dramatic effect on their lifestyle and how they are able to communicate with others. Comorbidities are the multiple appearances of a serious chronic disease like cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, or diabetes, which have a negative effectRead MoreCritical Reflection : The Euthanasia Debate1652 Words   |  7 Pagespractice remains high, leading to ethical distress among health care workers and patients alike (Butler et al., 2013). This paper will explore this issue, using Carper’s â€Å"ways of knowing,† and in doing so, will suggest implications for future practice. Analysis In 1978, Carper developed four â€Å"ways of knowing,† to aid health care professionals in critically analyzing various situations, including empirics, esthetics, personal knowledge, and ethics. White (1995) added a fifth â€Å"way of knowing,† the social-politicalRead MorePosition Paper- Palliative vs Curative Care1310 Words   |  6 PagesPosition Paper- Palliative vs Curative care. According to the World Heath Organisation (WHO, 2011), Palliative care is an approach, which aims to improve quality of life of patients and families who are crippled with life threatening illnesses. Alternatively, curative care is an approach that aims to prolong life through technological advances and medicine. It seems that the best approach to health care, would be to improve the quality of life as well as prolong life, through a combination of

Jahrod Free Essays

Textbooks vs. Tablets Jahrod Meyers Central Carolina Technical College Topic:Should tablets replace textbooks in K-12 schools? Specific Purpose:Explaining the advantages and the disadvantages Thesis Statement:Publishing for the K-12 school market is an $8 billion industry, with three companies – McGraw-Hill, Pearson, and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt – capturing about 85% of this market. Tablets are a $35 billion industry with roughly one in three adults owning a tablet. We will write a custom essay sample on Jahrod or any similar topic only for you Order Now As tablets have become more prevalent, a new debate has formed over whether K-12 school districts should switch from print textbooks to digital textbooks on tablets. Introduction A 4GB tablet filled with 3,500 e-books weighs a billionth of a billionth of a gram more than if it were empty of data – a difference that is approximately the same weight as a molecule of DNA. The same number of physical books would weigh about two tons. In San Francisco, New York, and Los Angeles, robberies related to internet-enabled handheld devices (including tablets) have accounted for 50, 40, and 25 percent respectively of all robberies in 2012. Manufacturing one tablet requires the extraction of 33 pounds of minerals, 79 gallons of water, and 100 kilowatt hours of fossil fuels resulting in 66 pounds of carbon dioxide. Students who used an interactive, digital version of an Algebra 1 textbook for Apple’s iPad in California’s Riverside Unified School District in 2012 scored 20 percent higher on standardized tests vs. students who learned with print textbooks. During the 2011-12 school year more than 13,700 US children, aged 5 to 18, were treated in hospitals and doctors’ offices for backpack-related injuries such as contusions, sprains, fractures, and strains to the back and shoulders. Transition:getting into the pros and cons. Body I. PRO Tablet a. Tablets help students learn more material faster. b. Tablets can hold hundreds of textbooks on one device, plus homework, quizzes, and other files, eliminating the need for physical storage of books and classroom materials. c. E-textbooks on tablets cost on average 50-60% less than print textbooks. d. Tablets help students better prepare for a world immersed in technology. II. CON Tablet a. Tablets have too many distractions for classroom use. b. Many students do not have sufficient home internet bandwidth to use tablets. c. The average battery life of a tablet is 7. 26 hours, shorter than the length of a school day. d. Tablets shift the focus of learning from the teacher to the technology. * Transition:In closing, â€Å"Computers are getting smarter all the time. Scientists tell us that soon they will be able to talk to us. (And by ‘they’, I mean ‘computers’. I doubt scientists will ever be able to talk to us. )† Dave Barry. Conclusion I. Opponents of tablets say that they are expensive, too distractin g for students, easy to break, and costly/time-consuming to fix. They say that tablets contribute to eyestrain, headaches, and blurred vision, increase the excuses available for students not doing their homework, require costly Wi-Fi networks, and become quickly outdated as new technologies are released. II. Proponents of tablets say that they are supported by most teachers and students, are much lighter than print textbooks, and improve standardized test scores. They say that tablets can hold hundreds of textbooks, save the environment by lowering the amount of printing, increase student interactivity and creativity, and that digital textbooks are cheaper than print textbooks. III. 43% of Americans read online books, magazines, or newspapers. Amazon announced in July 2010 that e-books were outselling paper books, and a July 2012 report by the Association of American Publishers showed that e-book revenue IV. xceeded that of hardcover books for the first time ever. 80% of publishers now produce e-books. While e-books sales rose 117% from 2010 to 2011, the print book business declined 2. 5% in 2011 to $27. 2 billion from $27. 9 billion in 2010. However, over 90% of educational textbooks are still read on paper, and only 30% of textbook titles are available electronically. V. I feel tha t transfer to tablets isn’t a bad idea. Considering you will only have to keep up with the tablet and not 5-6 different books for one class. It will also help the children in K-12 to learn and soon master technology How to cite Jahrod, Papers

Business Cycle free essay sample

Four Phases of Business Cycle Business Cycle (or Trade Cycle) is divided into the following four phases :- 1. Prosperity Phase : Expansion or Boom or Upswing of economy. 2. Recession Phase : from prosperity to recession (upper turning point). 3. Depression Phase : Contraction or Downswing of economy. 4. Recovery Phase : from depression to prosperity (lower turning Point). The four phases of business cycles are shown in the following diagram The business cycle starts from a trough (lower point) and passes through a recovery phase followed by a period of expansion (upper turning point) and prosperity. After the peak point is reached there is a declining phase of recession followed by a depression. Again the business cycle continues similarly with ups and downs. Explanation of Four Phases of Business Cycle The four phases of a business cycle are briefly explained as follows :- 1 . Prosperity Phase When there Is an expansion of output, Income, employment, prices and profits, there Is also a rise In the standard of living. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Cycle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This period Is termed as Prosperity phase. The features of prosperity are 1. High level of output and trade. 2. High level of effective demand. 3. High level of income and employment. Rising interest rates. 5. Inflation. 6. Large expansion of bank credit. 7. Overall business optimism. 8. A high level of MEC (Marginal efficiency of capital) and Investment. Due to full employment of resources, the level of production Is Maximum and there Is a rise In GNP (Gross National Product). Due toa high level of economic activity, It causes a rise In prices and profits. There Is an upswing In the economic activity and economy reaches its Peak. This is also called as a Boom Period. 2. Recession Phase The turning point from prosperity to depression is termed as Recession Phase. During a recession period, the economic activities slow down. When demand starts falling, the overproduction and future investment plans are also given up. There is a steady decline in the output, income, employment, prices and profits. The businessmen lose confidence and become pessimistic (Negative). It reduces investment. The banks and the people try to get greater liquidity, so credit also contracts. Expansion of business stops, stock market falls. Orders are cancelled and people start losing their Jobs. The increase In unemployment causes a sharp decline in Income and aggregate demand. Generally, recession lasts for a short period. 3. Depression Phase When there Is a continuous decrease of output, Income, employment, prices and profits, there is a fall in the standard of living and depression sets in. The features of 1. Fall in volume of output and trade. 2. Fall in income and rise in unemployment. 3. Decline in consumption and demand. 4. Fall in interest rate. 5. Deflation. 6. Contraction of bank credit. 7. Overall business pessimism. 8. Fall in MEC (Marginal efficiency of capital) and investment. In depression, there is under-utilization of resources and fall in GNP (Gross National Product). The aggregate conomic activity is at the lowest, causing a decline in prices and profits until the economy reaches its Trough (low point). 4. Recovery Phase The turning point from depression to expansion is termed as Recovery or Revival Phase. During the period of revival or recovery, there are expansions and rise in economic activities. When demand starts rising, production increases and this causes an increase in investment. There is a steady rise in output, income, employment, prices and profits. The businessmen gain confidence and become optimistic (Positive). This increases investments. The stimulation of investment brings about the evival or recovery of the economy. The banks expand credit, business expansion takes place and stock markets are activated. There is an increase in employment, production, income and aggregate demand, prices and profits start rising, and business expands. Revival slowly emerges into prosperity, and the business cycle is repeated. Thus we see that, during the expansionary or prosperity phase, there is inflation and during the contraction or depression phase, there is a deflation. Knife Edge Instability Roy Harrod is credited with getting twentieth-century economists thinking about economic growth. Harrod built on Keyness theory of income determination. The Harrod-Domar model (named for Harrod and Evsey Domar, who worked on the concept independently) is explained in Towards a Dynamic Economics, though Harrods first version of the idea was published in An Essay in Dynamic Theory. Harrod introduced the concepts of warranted growth, natural growth, and actual growth. The warranted growth rate is the growth rate at which all saving is absorbed into investment. If, for example, people save 10 percent of their income, and the economys ratio of capital to output is four, the economys warranted growth rate is . percent (ten divided by four). This is the growth rate at which the ratio of capital to output would stay constant at four. The natural growth rate is the rate required to maintain full employment. If the labor force grows at 2 percent per year, then to maintain full employment, the economys annual growth rate must be 2 percent (assuming no growth in productivity). Harrods mode l identified two kinds of problems that could arise with growth rates. The first was that actual growth was determined by the rate of saving and that natural growth was determined by the growth of the labor force. There was no necessary reason for actual growth to equal natural growth, and therefore the economy had no inherent tendency to reach full employment. This problem resulted from Harrods assumptions that the wage rate is fixed and that the economy must use labor and capital in the same proportions. But although they disagree about how quickly. And virtually all mainstream economists agree that the ratio of labor and capital that businesses want to use depends on wage rates and on the price of capital. Therefore, one of the main problems implied by Harrods model does not appear to be much of a problem after all. The second problem implied by Harrods model was unstable growth. If companies adjusted investment according to what they expected about future demand, and the anticipated demand was forthcoming, warranted growth would equal actual growth. But if actual demand exceeded anticipated demand, they would have underinvested and would respond by investing further. This investment, however, would itself cause growth to rise, requiring even further investment. Result: explosive growth. The same story can be told in reverse if actual demand should fall short of anticipated demand. The result then would be a deceleration of growth. This property of Harrods growth model became known as Harrods knife-edge. Here again, though, this uncomfortable conclusion was the result of two unrealistic assumptions made by Harrod: (1) companies naively base their investment plans only on anticipated output, and (2) investment is instantaneous. In spite of these limitations, Harrod did get economists to start thinking about the causes of growth as carefully as they had thought about other issues, and that is his greatest contribution to the field.